Climate Change and Silvopasture: The Potential of the Tree and Weather to Modify Soil Carbon Balance

Silvopastoral systems play an important role in climate change mitigation, considering their effect on soil carbon sequestration. In silvopastoral systems, sewage sludge can be used as fertiliser, which is promoted by the Circular Economy Package of European Commission. This study evaluates chemical properties (pH, carbon), tree growth (top height, canopy cover), and interactions from 1998 to 2012 a Pinus radiata D. Don system northwest Spain. Nine fertilisation treatments were applied: three doses (160, 320, 480 kg total N ha−1) or no fertilisation, all with without liming, mineral fertiliser liming. Soil pH decreased over time due cations extraction trees pine needles deposited understory. Tree increased light interception, decreasing incorporation. The interannual variation also depended weather conditions. Initially, carbon, but compensating time. Therefore, it advisable apply amendments middle years plantation. management needed decrease competitiveness enhance Moreover, control plots should linked next CAP 2023–2027 eco-schemes accounting for levels.